Towards socially accountable transgenic

Abstract

Soybeans are currently the main agricultural product of Brazil. By the end of the 1990s, genetically-modified soybeans (round up ready) were introduced in the country causing social conflicts and institutional changes that have not yet been consolidated. In this article, a proposal of public policy for genetically-modified organisms (GMO) is presented based on the trajectory of adoption of GM soybeans in Brazil and the following disputes and on a balance of the conclusions of empirical studies conducted in Brazil and elsewhere about social, economic, environmental and agronomic consequences of actual experiences with GM soybeans. We put forward a policy of public regulation, inspired by the theories of Smith, Polanyi and Arrighi, which stimulates biotechnological innovations but also protects farmers and consumers by using the market as an instrument of government.