Evolution of technical, sanitary and phytosanitary measures in international trade

Abstract

Non-tariff measures, especially Techniques (TBT) and Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) have been growing since the mid-1990s. Given its importance in the international market, this study sought to analyze and identify the existence of an emission standard of measures TBT and SPS in a sample of WTO member countries from 1996 to 2016. The data used for the survey are provided by the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP), which is a global database that is documented and made available to the public, containing information on trade, transport and trade protection links. They are used by people around the world as a key input in the contemporary analysis of general equilibrium applied to global economic issues, as well as being considered a representation of the world economy. As a methodology, an analytical research was performed on the participation of regular SPS, emergency SPS and regular TBT notifications with the objective of identifying the occurrence of patterns and their causes. The results showed that there was an increase in emissions in the period after the financial crisis of 2008 and it was possible to outline a possible standard for issuing notifications for agricultural products and non-agricultural products.